xantofüllid

Xantofüllid is a class of organic pigments belonging to the carotenoid family. These compounds are characterized by the presence of oxygen atoms in their molecular structure, which distinguishes them from carotenes, which are purely hydrocarbons. Xantofüllid are widely distributed in nature and play various roles in biological systems.

In plants, xantofüllid are important accessory pigments involved in photosynthesis. They absorb light energy, particularly in the blue-green spectrum, and transfer it to chlorophyll, thereby broadening the range of light wavelengths that can be utilized for energy production. During the process of photooxidation, xantofüllid can also act as antioxidants, protecting plant tissues from damage caused by excess light energy. Their presence contributes to the color of many fruits and vegetables, often appearing yellow, orange, or red.

In animals, xantofüllid are acquired through diet, as animals cannot synthesize them. For example, lutein and zeaxanthin are common xantofüllid found in leafy green vegetables. These compounds accumulate in the retina of the eye, where they are believed to protect against damage from blue light and to play a role in vision. The yellow color of egg yolks and the feathers of some birds are also due to the presence of xantofüllid.