websitecookies

Website cookies are small text files created by a web browser at the direction of a website. They are stored on a user’s device to recognize returning visitors, remember login status and preferences, and collect information about site usage for analytics and sometimes marketing.

Cookies can be session cookies, which expire when the browser closes, or persistent cookies, which remain until their expiration date. They may be first-party (set by the visited site) or third-party (set by other domains). Attributes such as Secure, HttpOnly, and SameSite control security and cross-site behavior.

Common uses include essential cookies for functions like authentication and shopping carts; analytics cookies that track visits; functionality cookies that store preferences; and advertising cookies that follow users across sites. A cookie’s data payload is small, typically a few kilobytes.

Privacy and regulatory requirements vary. In many regions, non-essential cookies require user consent and clear notices. The EU GDPR and ePrivacy directive influence practices, while US laws such as CPRA affect handling of personal data. Some browsers now block third-party cookies by default.

Users can manage cookies by clearing them, adjusting browser settings, or using private modes. Websites can offer consent banners and preference controls. Security best practices include using HttpOnly and Secure attributes and limiting data stored in cookies.