vertebralararterierna

The vertebral arteries are paired arteries that supply blood to the brain, spinal cord, and posterior portions of the skull. They originate as branches of the subclavian arteries, typically the first part of the subclavian artery on each side, and ascend through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before uniting to form the basilar artery at the base of the brain. This union is crucial as it contributes to the formation of the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis), ensuring adequate blood flow to the brain.

Each vertebral artery passes through six cervical vertebrae (C1–C6) via the transverse foramina, receiving contributions from muscular branches along its course. As it ascends, it gives off branches such as the posterior spinal artery, which supplies the spinal cord, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), which nourishes parts of the cerebellum and brainstem. The vertebral arteries also provide blood to the medulla oblongata, pons, and other brain structures.

Anatomical variations exist, including differences in origin, course, or branching patterns, which can influence clinical presentations in conditions such as vertebral artery dissection or stenosis. Symptoms of vertebral artery insufficiency may include dizziness, vertigo, or neurological deficits due to compromised blood flow to the brainstem and cerebellum. Diagnostic imaging, such as MRI or angiography, is often used to evaluate the integrity and patency of these vessels.

Conditions affecting the vertebral arteries, such as atherosclerosis or trauma, can lead to serious complications, including stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Proper understanding of their anatomy and physiology is essential for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in neurological and vascular medicine.