vércsoportokat

Blood types, known as vércsoportok in Hungarian, are a classification of blood based on inherited properties of red blood cells. These properties are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the blood plasma. The most well-known and clinically significant blood group system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O.

In the ABO system, type A blood has A antigens on red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Type B blood has B antigens and anti-A antibodies. Type AB blood has both A and B antigens but neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Another crucial blood group system is the Rh system, which determines whether an individual is Rh-positive or Rh-negative. This is based on the presence or absence of the RhD antigen. Rh-positive individuals have the RhD antigen, while Rh-negative individuals do not.

Blood typing is essential for safe blood transfusions. Transfusing incompatible blood can lead to a severe and potentially fatal immune reaction where the recipient's antibodies attack the donor's red blood cells. Individuals with type O negative blood are considered universal red blood cell donors because their red blood cells lack A, B, and RhD antigens. Conversely, individuals with type AB positive blood are universal plasma donors. Understanding blood types is also vital during pregnancy to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn.