uroguanylin

Uroguanylin is a peptide hormone discovered in 1993. It is primarily found in the urine and also produced in the kidneys and intestinal tract. Uroguanylin is structurally similar to guanylin, another peptide that activates guanylate cyclase.

The main function of uroguanylin is believed to be related to regulating electrolyte and water balance, particularly in the kidneys. It acts by binding to guanylate cyclase receptors, increasing intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. This leads to changes in ion transport, promoting the excretion of sodium and water. Consequently, uroguanylin plays a role in maintaining blood pressure and fluid homeostasis.

Research suggests that uroguanylin may also have broader physiological roles, including effects on glucose metabolism and appetite regulation. Studies have indicated a potential link between uroguanylin levels and conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Its precise mechanisms of action and its full range of physiological effects are still areas of active scientific investigation. The discovery of uroguanylin has opened new avenues for understanding how the body regulates fluid and electrolyte balance.