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Upconversion is a process in which light of a lower energy (longer wavelength) is converted into light of a higher energy (shorter wavelength). This phenomenon is often observed in materials that exhibit nonlinear optical properties. The process typically involves the absorption of two or more photons of lower energy, which then combine to produce a single photon of higher energy. This upconversion process can be utilized in various applications, including imaging, sensing, and optical communication.
One of the most common mechanisms for upconversion is the two-photon absorption process, where two photons
Upconversion materials are typically rare-earth-doped crystals, glasses, or nanoparticles. The choice of dopant and host material
Applications of upconversion include bioimaging, where upconversion nanoparticles are used to label biological samples and provide
Despite its potential, upconversion technology faces challenges such as low conversion efficiency and the need for