työnjakaminen

Työnjakaminen, meaning work-sharing or division of labor, is a fundamental concept in economics and sociology that describes the specialization of tasks within an economy or organization. It involves breaking down a complex production process into smaller, more manageable tasks, with each individual or group focusing on performing a specific task. This specialization allows individuals to develop expertise and efficiency in their assigned roles, leading to increased productivity and output.

The principle of työnjakaminen was famously articulated by Adam Smith in "The Wealth of Nations," where he observed the increased output of a pin factory due to the division of labor. By assigning different workers to specific stages of the pin-making process, the factory could produce a far greater number of pins than if each worker attempted to complete the entire process independently. This specialization also leads to innovation, as individuals deeply involved in a particular task are more likely to find ways to improve its efficiency or quality.

In modern economies, työnjakaminen is evident at various levels, from the division of labor within a single company to the global distribution of production based on comparative advantage. It can also refer to arrangements within households or teams where responsibilities are allocated among members. While beneficial for efficiency, excessive työnjakaminen can lead to monotony, alienation, and a lack of understanding of the overall production process.