tulpini

Tulpini is the Romanian term for the stems or stalks of plants. The plural form tulpini refers to multiple stems. In botanical terms, the stem is the plant axis that supports leaves, buds, and reproductive organs, and it serves as the main conduit for water, minerals, and organic nutrients between roots and shoots. It also provides structural support and, in many species, storage capacity.

Anatomy and growth: Stems are composed of nodes and internodes and contain vascular tissue arranged as xylem and phloem. In most dicotyledonous plants, vascular bundles form a ring, whereas in monocots they are scattered. Primary growth lengthens the stem through apical meristems, while secondary growth thickens it in many woody species via cambium, producing wood and bark. Lateral buds at nodes can give rise to side shoots, branches, or flowers.

Forms and adaptations: Stems exhibit a range of growth habits and modifications. Herbaceous stems are typically soft and short-lived; woody stems persist for many years and develop substantial secondary xylem. Some plants have modified stems for storage (tubers, rhizomes), climbing (tendrils or twining stems), or protection (thorns). Stems can also participate in photosynthesis when leaves are reduced or absent, as seen in certain succulent species.

Importance: Stems are central to plant biology and agriculture. They determine plant architecture, influence resource transport, and affect crop yields, timber production, and horticultural practices. Understanding stem structure and growth enhances taxonomy, physiology, and cultivation strategies.