trombotsütopeeniat

Trombotsütopeenia is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal number of platelets in the blood. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, irregular-shaped cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When platelet counts fall below a certain threshold, individuals may experience increased bleeding. The normal range for platelets in adults is typically between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. A diagnosis of trombotsütopeenia is usually made when the count drops below 150,000.

The causes of trombotsütopeenia are diverse and can be broadly categorized into decreased platelet production, increased platelet destruction, or sequestration of platelets in the spleen. Conditions that impair bone marrow function, such as certain infections, autoimmune diseases, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, can reduce platelet production. Conversely, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own platelets. Other causes of increased destruction include certain medications and infections like dengue fever. An enlarged spleen can also trap a significant number of platelets, leading to a lower count in circulation.

Symptoms of trombotsütopeenia can range from mild to severe and depend on the degree of platelet reduction. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while more significant drops can lead to easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, and in severe instances, internal bleeding. Diagnosis involves a blood test to measure platelet count, often accompanied by a review of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes further investigations to identify the underlying cause. Treatment strategies vary depending on the cause and severity, and may include medications to stimulate platelet production, immunosuppressive drugs, or platelet transfusions in critical situations.