tritépénoïdes

Terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from repeating units of isoprene, a five-carbon molecule. While the term "terpenoid" is often used interchangeably with "terpene," technically terpenes are hydrocarbons with the formula (C5H8)n, whereas terpenoids are terpenes that have undergone oxygenation or rearrangement.

Terpenoids are synthesized in plants, fungi, and bacteria through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. They play crucial roles in these organisms, acting as defense compounds, pigments, hormones, and signaling molecules. The structural diversity of terpenoids is immense, ranging from simple monoterpenes like menthol and limonene to complex tetraterpenoids like carotenoids, and even to triterpenoids and polyterpenoids.

Triterpenoids, a subclass of terpenoids, are characterized by their C30 skeleton, which is formed from six isoprene units. They are found widely in nature, particularly in plants, and are known for their wide range of biological activities. Examples of triterpenoids include sterols like cholesterol, saponins, and various plant-derived compounds with medicinal properties. Their diverse structures contribute to their varied functions, from structural components of cell membranes to precursors for hormones and vitamins.