transformátorok

Transformátory, often referred to as "transformers" in English, are electrical devices essential for changing alternating current (AC) voltage levels. They operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, a phenomenon discovered by Michael Faraday. A basic transformer consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings, wound around a common iron core. When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field in the iron core. This changing magnetic field then induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil determines whether the transformer steps up or steps down the voltage. If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary, the voltage is stepped up, meaning it increases. Conversely, if the secondary coil has fewer turns, the voltage is stepped down, causing it to decrease. This ability to efficiently change voltage is crucial for power distribution systems, allowing electricity to be transmitted over long distances at high voltages (to minimize energy loss) and then reduced to safe, usable levels for homes and businesses. Transformers are also widely used in electronics, from power adapters for small devices to large industrial machinery. Their reliability and efficiency make them indispensable components in modern electrical infrastructure.