transformernes

Transformers are a class of electrical devices that transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are fundamental components in power distribution systems, enabling the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and its safe use in homes and businesses.

The basic principle of operation for a transformer relies on Faraday's law of induction. It consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings, typically wound around a common ferromagnetic core. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic field within the core. This changing magnetic field then induces an alternating voltage in the secondary winding.

The ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding determines the voltage transformation. A step-up transformer increases voltage, while a step-down transformer decreases voltage. This ability to change voltage levels is crucial for power systems. High voltages are used for efficient long-distance transmission to minimize energy loss, and then these voltages are stepped down to safer, usable levels for consumers. Transformers are also essential in many electronic devices, such as power supplies, to convert household AC power to the lower DC voltages required by electronic components. They are designed to operate with alternating current only.