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Titration is a common laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a solution. It involves the gradual addition of one solution (the titrant) to another (the analyte) until the reaction between them is complete. This point, known as the equivalence point, is typically detected using an indicator, which changes color when the reaction is complete. The volume of titrant added at the equivalence point is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte.

Titration can be used to determine the concentration of acids, bases, and other substances. It is a precise and accurate method, making it widely used in chemistry, biology, and environmental science. There are several types of titration, including acid-base titration, redox titration, and complexometric titration. Each type involves a specific reaction between the titrant and the analyte.

The process of titration involves several steps. First, the analyte solution is prepared and its volume is measured. The titrant solution is then added to the analyte in small increments, usually using a burette. The indicator is added to the analyte before the titration begins. As the titrant is added, the indicator changes color, signaling the equivalence point. The volume of titrant added at this point is recorded and used to calculate the concentration of the analyte.

Titration is a versatile and important technique in chemistry. It allows for the precise determination of concentrations, which is crucial in many areas of science and industry. Despite its simplicity, titration requires careful technique and attention to detail to ensure accurate results.