thrombolisis

Thrombolysis is a medical procedure used to dissolve blood clots, typically in the context of acute ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. The primary goal is to restore blood flow to the affected area, thereby reducing the risk of permanent damage or death. The procedure involves the administration of thrombolytic agents, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which break down the fibrin strands that form the clot.

Thrombolysis is most effective when initiated within a specific time window, usually 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms for ischemic stroke and 12 hours for myocardial infarction. This timeframe is crucial because the longer a clot remains, the more likely it is to become organized and resistant to dissolution.

The procedure is typically performed in a hospital setting, often in the emergency department or intensive care unit. It may involve the use of imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to confirm the presence and location of the clot. Thrombolysis is usually administered through an intravenous line, although in some cases, it may be delivered directly into the clot.

While thrombolysis can be life-saving, it is not without risks. These include bleeding, which can occur in the brain (intracranial hemorrhage) or elsewhere in the body. Other potential complications include allergic reactions to the thrombolytic agent and the development of new blood clots in other parts of the body.

The decision to perform thrombolysis is based on a careful assessment of the patient's condition, the location and size of the clot, and the presence of any contraindications. It is typically recommended by a multidisciplinary team, including neurologists, cardiologists, and interventional radiologists.