tetanospasmiini

Tetanospasmin is the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This bacterium is commonly found in soil and animal feces. When Clostridium tetani enters the body, typically through a wound, it can produce tetanospasmin. The toxin then travels through the nervous system to the spinal cord and brainstem.

Once in the central nervous system, tetanospasmin binds to specific receptors on nerve cells. Its primary mechanism of action is to block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. These neurotransmitters normally act to dampen nerve signals, preventing excessive muscle contraction. By blocking their release, tetanospasmin leads to uncontrolled stimulation of motor neurons.

This uncontrolled stimulation results in the characteristic symptoms of tetanus, also known as lockjaw. These symptoms include painful muscle spasms and stiffness, particularly in the jaw, neck, and abdomen. Severe cases can lead to difficulty breathing and paralysis. Tetanus is a serious and potentially fatal disease, but it can be prevented through vaccination. The tetanus vaccine is highly effective and is typically administered as part of routine childhood immunizations and as booster shots throughout life. Tetanospasmin is the causative agent of tetanus disease, highlighting the importance of tetanus prevention.