terpenoideja

Terpenoids are a diverse group of organic compounds that are widely distributed in nature, particularly in plants. They are characterized by the presence of isoprene units, which are five-carbon building blocks. Terpenoids are classified into several categories based on the number of isoprene units they contain: monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpenoids (C15), diterpenoids (C20), triterpenoids (C30), and tetraterpenoids (C40). These compounds play various roles in plant biology, including defense against herbivores, attraction of pollinators, and regulation of plant growth and development. Terpenoids are also known for their biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. They are found in a wide range of plants, including herbs, spices, and essential oils, and are used in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. Some well-known terpenoids include limonene, found in citrus fruits, and beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. The study of terpenoids is an active area of research, with ongoing efforts to discover new compounds with potential therapeutic applications.