termoszféra

The thermosphere is the fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere, situated above the mesosphere and below the exosphere. Its name derives from the Greek word "thermos," meaning heat, a fitting description for a region where temperatures can reach very high levels. The thermosphere begins at an altitude of approximately 80 to 100 kilometers (50 to 62 miles) above sea level and extends upwards to around 600 to 1,000 kilometers (370 to 620 miles).

Within this layer, solar radiation, particularly ultraviolet and X-rays from the sun, is absorbed by the sparse atmospheric gases. This absorption process leads to significant heating, causing temperatures to rise dramatically. However, it's important to note that despite these high temperatures, the thermosphere would feel very cold to a human due to the extremely low density of particles. There are too few molecules to transfer a significant amount of heat.

The International Space Station and many satellites orbit within the thermosphere. This layer is also where auroras, the Northern and Southern Lights, occur. Charged particles from the sun interact with gases in the thermosphere, causing them to emit light. The density of the thermosphere decreases with altitude, and its upper boundary is not sharply defined.