természetjog

Természetjog, or natural law, is a philosophical concept that posits the existence of certain moral principles that are universal, eternal, and independent of human legislation or positive law. These principles are said to be inherent in the nature of reality and can be discovered through reason.

The term "természetjog" was popularized by the 17th-century Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius, who argued that natural law is the basis for all positive law and that it can be discovered through the natural light of reason. Grotius identified five fundamental natural law principles: non-contradiction, non-violence, non-theft, non-deception, and non-perjury.

Natural law theory has had a significant influence on the development of legal systems and moral philosophy. It has been used to justify the rights of individuals, to criticize unjust laws, and to argue for the separation of powers in government. However, the concept of natural law has also been criticized for its subjectivity and the difficulty of defining what constitutes a "natural" principle.

Despite these criticisms, natural law remains an important concept in contemporary legal and moral discourse. It continues to influence the development of legal systems and the interpretation of moral principles, and it remains a subject of ongoing debate and study in philosophy, law, and politics.