taleaktteori
Taleaktteori, often translated as speech act theory, is a framework in linguistics and philosophy of language that analyzes how utterances function not only to convey information but to perform actions. The theory emerged from J. L. Austins work in the mid-20th century and was further developed by John Searle and other scholars. Its central claim is that communication involves performing acts through language, not merely stating facts. An utterance is analyzed as comprising three related components: the locutionary act (the explicit content of the words), the illocutionary act (the speakers’ intended function, such as promising, ordering, or apologizing), and the perlocutionary act (the effects on the listener).
Illocutionary acts are typically organized into broad categories: assertives (claims about states of the world), directives
Indirect speech acts highlight that the literal meaning of an utterance may differ from its intended force;