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Scab, also known as a crust or eschar, is a protective layer that forms over a wound as part of the healing process. It is primarily composed of dried blood, serum, and inflammatory cells. When the skin is injured, blood vessels are damaged, leading to bleeding. Platelets and fibrin in the blood work together to form a clot, which stops the bleeding. This clot then dries and hardens, creating a scab.

The scab acts as a physical barrier, preventing bacteria and other pathogens from entering the wound and causing infection. It also helps to keep the underlying healing tissue moist and protected from external irritants and further injury. Beneath the scab, new skin cells are generated and migrate to close the wound.

As the new skin grows and matures, the scab will naturally loosen and fall off. It is generally advisable not to pick at or forcibly remove a scab, as this can disrupt the healing process, lead to scarring, and increase the risk of infection. The appearance of a scab can vary depending on the size and depth of the wound, as well as individual healing characteristics. Some scabs may be thin and fragile, while others can be thick and hard.