sähkönjohtavuusmittarit

Sähkönjohtavuus, often referred to as electrical conductivity, is a measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current. It quantifies how easily electric charge carriers, such as electrons or ions, can move through a substance when an electric field is applied. High electrical conductivity indicates that the material readily allows electric current to flow, while low conductivity suggests it acts as an insulator.

The inverse of electrical conductivity is electrical resistivity, which measures a material's opposition to the flow of electric current. Conductivity is typically represented by the Greek letter sigma (σ) and is measured in siemens per meter (S/m). Factors influencing conductivity include temperature, the material's atomic structure, and the presence of impurities.

Metals, such as copper and silver, are excellent conductors due to their free electrons that can easily move. Semiconductors, like silicon and germanium, have conductivity values between those of conductors and insulators, and their conductivity can be manipulated by doping. Insulators, such as rubber and glass, have very low conductivity because their electrons are tightly bound and cannot easily move. Understanding electrical conductivity is fundamental in designing and developing electrical components, circuits, and various technologies.