sähköjakelujärjestelmien

Sähköjakelujärjestelmä, or electrical distribution system, is a network designed to deliver electrical power from a power plant or substation to end-users, such as homes, businesses, and industries. It consists of several components, including high-voltage transmission lines, transformers, medium-voltage distribution lines, and low-voltage distribution lines.

The process begins at the power plant, where electricity is generated at high voltages, typically ranging from 110 kV to 765 kV. This high-voltage electricity is then transmitted over long distances through transmission lines to substations, where voltage levels are reduced to medium voltage, usually between 10 kV and 35 kV, using transformers.

From the substations, medium-voltage electricity is distributed to local distribution centers or directly to end-users through distribution lines. These lines are typically made of aluminum or copper conductors and are designed to handle the electrical load of the area they serve.

At the end of the distribution line, transformers further reduce the voltage to low voltage, usually between 120 V and 240 V, which is suitable for residential and commercial use. From here, electricity is distributed to individual homes and businesses through service lines and meters.

The electrical distribution system is crucial for the reliable and efficient delivery of electricity to consumers. It is designed to handle varying loads, ensure power quality, and minimize losses. Advances in technology and smart grid initiatives are continually improving the efficiency and reliability of electrical distribution systems.