sárgatestnek

Sárgatestnek, a corpus luteum in English, is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after ovulation. Its primary function is to produce hormones, particularly progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for the early stages of pregnancy.

Following the release of an egg from a mature follicle during ovulation, the remaining follicular cells in the ovary undergo a transformation. These cells luteinize, accumulating lipids and pigments that give the structure its characteristic yellowish color, hence its name. The corpus luteum is a dynamic structure, responding to hormonal signals from the pituitary gland.

If fertilization and implantation occur, the developing embryo produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This hormone signals the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone, which maintains the uterine lining and prevents menstruation. The corpus luteum remains functional throughout the first trimester of pregnancy, supporting the developing fetus until the placenta takes over progesterone production.

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates approximately 10-14 days after ovulation. This regression leads to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels, triggering menstruation and the start of a new ovarian cycle. The remnants of the corpus luteum eventually become a scar tissue called corpus albicans.