szignifikanciát

Szignifikancia, a statistical term, refers to the probability of obtaining results as extreme as, or more extreme than, the observed results in a study, assuming the null hypothesis is true. This probability is known as the p-value. A small p-value, typically less than a predetermined significance level (alpha), suggests that the observed data are unlikely to have occurred by random chance alone if the null hypothesis were correct. Therefore, one might reject the null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis.

The significance level, often denoted by alpha (α), is set before conducting the statistical test. Common values for alpha are 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001. If the calculated p-value is less than alpha, the result is deemed statistically significant. Conversely, if the p-value is greater than or equal to alpha, the result is considered not statistically significant, and the null hypothesis is not rejected.

It is important to note that statistical significance does not necessarily imply practical significance or importance. A study might find a statistically significant result, but the effect size could be so small that it has little real-world impact. Furthermore, the interpretation of significance depends on the context of the research and the research question being addressed. Misinterpreting statistical significance can lead to erroneous conclusions.