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Superfluidity is a quantum-mechanical phenomenon occurring in certain fluids, typically at very low temperatures, where the fluid exhibits frictionless flow and other unusual properties. This state was first observed in liquid helium-4 below a critical temperature of 2.17 Kelvin. Superfluidity is characterized by the absence of viscosity, allowing the fluid to flow without any loss of kinetic energy.

In a superfluid, the fluid can flow through narrow channels without any resistance, a property known as zero viscosity. Additionally, superfluids exhibit the phenomenon of second sound, where temperature waves can propagate through the fluid without the transfer of mass or heat. This is analogous to the propagation of sound waves in a normal fluid, but at much higher speeds.

Superfluidity is a manifestation of quantum mechanics, where particles in the fluid form a coherent state, known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. This condensate allows the fluid to behave as a single quantum entity, exhibiting properties that are not possible in classical fluids. The study of superfluidity has provided valuable insights into the behavior of quantum systems and has applications in fields such as low-temperature physics and quantum computing.