sulfonoryhmään

A sulfonoryhmä, also known as a sulfonyl group, is a functional group in organic chemistry with the general formula R-SO2-R', where R and R' are organic substituents. This group consists of a sulfur atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms and single-bonded to two carbon atoms of the organic substituents. The sulfur atom in a sulfonyl group is in its highest possible oxidation state, +6. Sulfonyl groups are strong electron-withdrawing groups, meaning they pull electron density away from adjacent atoms and groups. This property influences the reactivity of molecules containing them.

Sulfonyl groups are found in a wide variety of organic compounds, including sulfonamides, sulfones, and sulfonic acids. Sulfonamides, for example, are characterized by the R-SO2-NR'R'' structure and are important in medicinal chemistry, forming the basis of many sulfa drugs, a class of antibiotics. Sulfones (R-SO2-R') are known for their stability and are used as solvents and in the production of polymers. Sulfonic acids (R-SO3H) are strong acids and are utilized as catalysts and in the synthesis of detergents and dyes. The presence of a sulfonyl group can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, affecting its solubility, acidity, and reactivity in various chemical transformations.