suhtumisel

Suhtumisel, also known as *suhtumise teooria* (theory of attachment) in psychology, refers to the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver, typically the mother or father. This concept was introduced by British psychologist John Bowlby in the mid-20th century and later expanded by Mary Ainsworth through observational studies. Suhtumisel forms the foundation for understanding how early relationships influence later social, emotional, and cognitive development.

The theory suggests that infants are biologically predisposed to form attachments as a survival mechanism, ensuring proximity to caregivers who provide protection and care. Bowlby proposed that secure attachment in early childhood leads to healthier emotional regulation, stronger relationships, and better mental health outcomes in adulthood. Conversely, insecure attachment—due to inconsistent or neglectful caregiving—may contribute to difficulties in trust, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships later in life.

Research identifies four primary attachment styles: secure, anxious-preoccupied, avoidant-dismissive, and disorganized. Secure attachment, characterized by comfort in exploration and distress upon separation, is associated with responsive caregiving. Anxious attachment arises from inconsistent care, leading to heightened anxiety in relationships, while avoidant attachment stems from emotional unavailability, fostering detachment. Disorganized attachment, linked to traumatic caregiving, manifests as conflicting behaviors and emotional dysregulation.

Suhtumisel extends beyond infancy, influencing adult relationships, parenting styles, and even workplace dynamics. Therapeutic approaches, such as attachment-based therapy, aim to address maladaptive patterns by fostering secure bonds and promoting emotional healing. The theory remains a cornerstone in developmental psychology, emphasizing the lifelong impact of early relational experiences on well-being.