subatomiset

Subatomic particles are the fundamental constituents of matter and energy. They are smaller than atoms, which are the smallest units of a chemical element. Subatomic particles include protons, neutrons, and electrons, which are found in the nucleus and electron cloud of an atom, respectively. Protons and neutrons are collectively known as nucleons and are located in the nucleus at the center of an atom. Protons have a positive electric charge, while neutrons have no electric charge. Electrons, on the other hand, have a negative electric charge and orbit the nucleus in the electron cloud. Other subatomic particles include quarks, which are the fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons, and leptons, which include electrons and their heavier counterparts like muons and tau particles. Subatomic particles are governed by the principles of quantum mechanics and are studied using particle accelerators and detectors to understand the fundamental forces and interactions in the universe.