strömspänningskurva

A strömspänningskurva, also known as a voltage-current characteristic or V-I curve, is a graphical representation of the relationship between the electric current flowing through a component or device and the voltage across it. In its simplest form, it plots current on the vertical axis (y-axis) and voltage on the horizontal axis (x-axis).

The shape of the strömspänningskurva provides crucial information about the electrical behavior of the component. For a linear resistor, obeying Ohm's law, the curve is a straight line passing through the origin, indicating a constant resistance. The slope of this line is the reciprocal of the resistance.

Non-linear components exhibit curves that deviate from a straight line. For example, a diode's strömspänningskurva shows very little current flow until a certain forward voltage is reached, after which the current increases rapidly. In reverse bias, it shows a very small leakage current until breakdown occurs.

Semiconductor devices like transistors also have characteristic V-I curves that define their operating regions, such as cutoff, active, and saturation. These curves are essential for circuit designers to understand how a device will behave under different voltage and current conditions and to determine appropriate operating points. Analyzing the strömspänningskurva helps in identifying parameters like resistance, conductance, breakdown voltage, and forward voltage drop.