steinsalt

Steinsalz, or rock salt, is a mineral composed primarily of halite, the natural form of sodium chloride (NaCl). It forms through the evaporation of saline waters in sedimentary basins and occurs in extensive underground beds and surface evaporite deposits. The mineral is typically colorless or white but may show pink, gray, or yellow tint from impurities such as clay, iron oxide, or organic matter. It has a Mohs hardness of 2–2.5 and a density around 2.16 g/cm3; it is highly soluble in water.

Steinsalz deposits are mined by open-pit mining or by solution mining depending on depth and geology. After mining, the ore is processed to remove impurities and produce different grades, including culinary salt, de-icing salt, and industrial salt. Unrefined rock salt is used for road de-icing or chemical production, while refined sodium chloride products are sold as food-grade salt.

Globally, major producers include China, the United States, India, Germany, and Canada. Rock salt is used directly in food or refined; industrial uses include chlorine and caustic soda production, water conditioning, and brine for refrigeration. It is also used for ice control on roads.

Health and environmental considerations accompany Steinsalz use. Excessive sodium intake is linked to health risks, and mining operations can impact land and water resources; brine disposal and dust management are regulated to reduce environmental effects.

Historically, rock salt has been mined for thousands of years and has supported food preservation, infrastructure, and local economies in many regions.