spinntronikas

Spinntronika is a field of physics and engineering that studies the intrinsic spin of electrons and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to their electrical charge, in solid-state devices. This contrasts with conventional electronics, which primarily exploits the electron's charge. The core idea of spintronics is to control and manipulate the spin of electrons to store, process, and transmit information.

By utilizing the spin degree of freedom, spintronic devices offer potential advantages such as non-volatility (retaining data even when power is off), increased speed, and reduced power consumption compared to traditional electronic components. Key phenomena exploited in spintronics include the Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) effect and the Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) effect, which allow for significant changes in electrical resistance based on the relative orientation of electron spins in different magnetic layers.

Research in spintronics has led to the development of practical devices like the read heads in modern hard disk drives. Ongoing research aims to create new generations of spintronic memory (e.g., MRAM - Magnetoresistive Random-Access Memory), logic devices, and sensors. The field is multidisciplinary, drawing on condensed matter physics, materials science, and electrical engineering.