sp2hübriidiseerimine

Sp2 hübriidiseerimine is a type of atomic orbital hybridization that occurs when a carbon atom forms three sigma bonds and one pi bond. In this model, one s atomic orbital and two p atomic orbitals combine to form three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals lie in a plane and are oriented at 120-degree angles to each other, forming a trigonal planar geometry. The remaining unhybridized p orbital is perpendicular to this plane.

When carbon atoms undergo sp2 hybridization, they are typically involved in double bonds. For example, in ethene (C2H4), each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized. The three sp2 hybrid orbitals of each carbon atom form sigma bonds with the two hydrogen atoms and with the other carbon atom. The unhybridized p orbitals on each carbon atom overlap sideways to form a pi bond, resulting in the carbon-carbon double bond.

Molecules containing sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, such as alkenes and aromatic compounds like benzene, exhibit specific structural and reactive properties due to this hybridization. The planar arrangement of the sp2 hybrid orbitals influences the molecule's overall shape, and the presence of the pi bond allows for characteristic reactions like addition. This type of hybridization is fundamental to understanding the structure and behavior of a vast number of organic molecules.