soojusvõrk

A soojusvõrk, or district heating network, is a system for distributing thermal energy, typically hot water or steam, from a central source to multiple buildings for heating and domestic hot water. This centralized approach contrasts with individual heating systems found in separate buildings, such as boilers or electric heaters.

The primary advantage of a soojusvõrk lies in its efficiency and environmental benefits. By generating heat at a large, centralized facility, economies of scale can be realized, leading to potentially lower energy costs. Furthermore, district heating systems can utilize a wider range of heat sources, including waste heat from industrial processes, biomass, geothermal energy, and even large-scale solar thermal installations. This allows for greater flexibility in fuel choices and can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to widespread reliance on fossil fuels for individual building heating.

The components of a soojusvõrk include a heat generation plant, insulated underground pipes that transport the heated medium, and heat exchangers located within each connected building. These heat exchangers transfer the thermal energy from the network's medium to the building's internal heating and hot water systems. Maintenance and operation of these networks require specialized infrastructure and expertise. While offering environmental and economic advantages, the initial investment and complexity of constructing and maintaining a soojusvõrk can be substantial.