somatický

Somatický is an adjective used in Czech to denote a relationship to the body, i.e., bodily or physical. It is derived from Greek soma "body" and passed into Latin as somaticus, with feminine form somatická and masculine form somatický. The term is widely used across scientific and medical contexts to distinguish bodily phenomena from mental or spiritual ones.

In biology and medicine, somatický describes physical aspects of the organism. Examples include somatické buňky (somatic cells) as opposed to germ cells, and somatický nervový systém (somatic nervous system). The phrase somatické onemocnění (physical illness) is used to contrast with illnesses of a psychological or psychiatric nature. The term also appears in expressions such as somatický vývoj or somatický stav, and is common in anatomy and pathology to denote body-related processes.

In psychology and psychiatry, somatic concepts refer to physical symptoms or their bodily manifestations. Terms like somatická symptomatologie describe patterns of physical symptoms, and somatizace denotes the process of expressing psychological distress through bodily complaints. In cross-disciplinary contexts, somatický can appear in discussions of the body–mind relationship, including body-centered or somatic approaches to mental phenomena.

Related terms include somatologie (the study of the body) and somatosensorický (somatosensory). The word is typically contrasted with psychický or duševní to emphasize bodily versus mental origins or aspects. Overall, somatický remains a standard descriptor in Czech for bodily, physical, or corporeal attributes across science and medicine.