solvatacji
Solvatation is the process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with solute molecules or ions. This interaction typically involves attractive forces between the solvent and solute particles, which can stabilize the solute in solution. The nature and strength of these forces depend on the properties of both the solvent and the solute. For instance, polar solvents like water can effectively solvate polar solutes and ions due to dipole-dipole interactions and ion-dipole interactions, respectively. Nonpolar solvents, on the other hand, tend to solvate nonpolar solutes through weaker van der Waals forces.
The term hydration specifically refers to solvatation where the solvent is water. When a solute dissolves,