sokerialkoholeiden

Sokerialkoholeiden, known in English as sugar alcohols or polyols, are a class of carbohydrates that resemble both sugars and alcohols. They are typically derived from sugars through a process called hydrogenation. Common examples include sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, erythritol, and maltitol. These compounds are found naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but they are also widely used as artificial sweeteners and humectants in food products.

Unlike simple sugars, sugar alcohols are not completely absorbed by the small intestine. This characteristic contributes to their lower caloric value and their use in "sugar-free" or "low-calorie" foods. Their incomplete absorption can lead to a laxative effect if consumed in large quantities, a common warning associated with products containing them.

Sugar alcohols vary in their sweetness intensity, ranging from less sweet than sucrose (table sugar) to nearly as sweet. They also have different effects on blood glucose levels, generally causing a smaller rise compared to regular sugars, which makes them a popular choice for individuals managing diabetes. In addition to their sweetening properties, they can also contribute to texture and moisture retention in food. Their non-cariogenic nature, meaning they do not promote tooth decay, is another benefit that leads to their inclusion in products like chewing gum and toothpaste.