sisaldavat

Sisaldavat is an Estonian present active participle form derived from the verb sisaldama, meaning to contain or to include. As a participle, it functions as an attributive modifier that can describe a noun in terms of what it contains, similar to the English word containing. It is used in contexts where a clause or noun phrase specifies contents or inclusions.

In standard usage, sisaldavat appears in relative or adjectival phrases to indicate that something contains certain elements or information. It is part of the broader system of Estonian participles, which are used to form descriptive phrases without needing a full subordinate clause. The form is inflected to agree with the noun it modifies in number and case, like other adjectives and participles in Estonian.

Typical usage is found in academic, technical, and formal writing, where precise descriptions of contents are common. For example, a phrase like raamat, sisaldavat teadmisi, can be understood as “a book containing knowledge.” The participle thus allows concise expressions of contents without repeating verbs.

Compared with other Estonian participles, sisaldavat is a specialized form tied to the present tense/action meaning of containing. It shares the same functional role as English participial adjectives such as containing or including, and it aligns with the general grammatical practices of Estonian for attributive descriptive phrases.

See also: Estonian grammar, participles, sisaldama.