sinusoïdaale

Sinusoïdaal is the Dutch term used to describe a waveform, signal, or function that follows a sine curve. The most common form is the sinusoid, which can be written as y(t) = A sin(ωt + φ) or y(t) = A cos(ωt + φ), where A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, and φ is the phase. A single sinusoid has a smooth, continuous shape and a constant frequency.

Key parameters of a sinusoïdaal signal are amplitude (A), frequency (f) or angular frequency (ω = 2πf), and phase (φ). The period is T = 2π/ω, and the instantaneous frequency remains constant. In the frequency domain, an ideal sinusoid has energy concentrated at one frequency, though real signals may be damped or windowed, broadening the spectrum.

Applications of sinusoïdaal signals are widespread. In physics, they describe simple harmonic motion, such as a mass on a spring or a pendulum in small-angle approximation. In electrical engineering, sinusoidal signals model alternating current and radio-frequency carriers. In signal processing, sinusoïdaal components form the basis for Fourier analysis, permitting the decomposition and reconstruction of complex, periodic signals as sums of sinusoids with different frequencies, amplitudes, and phases.

Generation and measurement methods include oscillators and function generators to produce pure or mixed sinusoïdaal signals, and devices like oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers to observe time-domain shape and frequency content. The sinusoidal form is also conveniently represented by phasors in the complex plane, simplifying linear superposition of signals with the same frequency.