seligmanin

Seligmanin is a small, water-soluble protein found in the venom of the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans. It is one of the most toxic components of black widow venom, responsible for its neurotoxic effects. Seligmanin acts on voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells, specifically targeting the alpha subunit of the channel. This interaction leads to a prolonged opening of the sodium channels, resulting in continuous depolarization of the nerve cell membrane and subsequent paralysis.

The primary target of seligmanin is the presynaptic terminal of motor neurons, where it causes a prolonged release of neurotransmitters. This leads to muscle fasciculations and eventually paralysis. Seligmanin also affects sensory neurons, contributing to the pain and sensory disturbances experienced by victims of black widow spider bites.

Seligmanin has been extensively studied for its potential as a therapeutic agent. Its ability to selectively target sodium channels makes it a promising candidate for the development of new pain medications and treatments for neurological disorders. However, its high toxicity also poses significant challenges for its therapeutic use.

Seligmanin was first isolated and characterized in the 1980s by researchers studying the venom of the black widow spider. Since then, it has been the subject of numerous scientific investigations, contributing to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying pain and paralysis.