sejtosztódáson

Sejtosztódás, also known as cell division, is a fundamental biological process by which a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, development, and repair in all living organisms. There are two primary types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. It occurs in somatic cells and is crucial for growth and tissue repair. The process involves several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the genetic material is replicated in the S phase, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, creating four genetically unique haploid cells. It occurs in germ cells and is essential for sexual reproduction. Meiosis consists of two successive divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their separation, while meiosis II is similar to mitosis, with the separation of sister chromatids.

Both mitosis and meiosis are tightly regulated processes that ensure the accurate distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. Any errors in cell division can lead to genetic abnormalities and diseases such as cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of cell division is crucial for advancements in medicine, biology, and genetics.