rzeczowników

Rzeczowniki is a term used in Polish grammar to refer to nouns. Nouns are a fundamental part of speech that represent people, places, things, or ideas. In Polish, rzeczowniki are characterized by their grammatical gender, number, and case.

Polish nouns have three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. This gender assignment is not always based on the biological sex of the referent and often follows phonetic patterns. For example, "chłopiec" (boy) is masculine, "dziewczynka" (girl) is feminine, and "dziecko" (child) is neuter.

Nouns in Polish also change their form based on number, indicating whether they are singular or plural. Most nouns have distinct singular and plural forms, though some exceptions exist.

The most complex feature of Polish nouns is their declension, meaning they change form depending on their grammatical case. There are seven cases in Polish: mianownik (nominative), dopełniacz (genitive), celownik (dative), biernik (accusative), narzędnik (instrumental), miejscownik (locative), and wołacz (vocative). Each case serves a different grammatical function within a sentence, indicating relationships like subject, possession, indirect object, direct object, means of action, location, and direct address. Understanding these declensions is crucial for constructing grammatically correct Polish sentences.