rhomboideja

A rhomboideus is a muscle located in the upper back, extending from the thoracic vertebrae to the scapula. It is part of the intrinsic back muscles and is closely related to the trapezius muscle. The rhomboideus is comprised of two parts: the rhomboideus major and the rhomboideus minor. The rhomboideus minor originates from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae. It inserts into the medial border of the scapula, above the spine of the scapula. The rhomboideus major originates from the spinous processes of the second to fifth thoracic vertebrae and inserts into the medial border of the scapula, below the spine of the scapula.

The primary function of the rhomboideus muscles is to retract the scapula, drawing it closer to the spine. They also assist in rotating the scapula downwards and stabilizing the shoulder blade against the rib cage. These actions are crucial for many movements of the arm and shoulder, including pulling, pushing, and maintaining posture. Weakness or dysfunction of the rhomboidei can contribute to poor posture, rounded shoulders, and pain in the upper back and neck. The rhomboideus muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve, which arises from the C5 spinal nerve. They receive their blood supply from the dorsal scapular artery. Regular exercise and stretching can help strengthen and maintain the flexibility of these important muscles.