reumakardiitti

Reumakardiitti, also known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD), is a chronic condition affecting the heart valves. It develops as a consequence of acute rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness triggered by an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection, typically strep throat. The immune system's response to the bacteria mistakenly attacks the heart's tissues, particularly the valves.

Over time, this inflammatory process can lead to permanent damage and scarring of the heart valves. The mitral valve is most commonly affected, but the aortic and tricuspid valves can also be involved. This damage can cause the valves to become narrowed (stenosis), leaky (regurgitation), or both, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.

Symptoms of rheumatic heart disease may not appear for many years after the initial rheumatic fever episode. When they do manifest, they can include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations, and swelling in the legs and feet. In severe cases, RHD can lead to heart failure, stroke, or endocarditis, a serious infection of the heart valves.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, echocardiography to assess valve function and structure, and sometimes electrocardiography. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms, preventing further damage to the valves, and treating any complications. This may include medications to control heart rhythm, reduce fluid buildup, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical intervention, such as valve repair or replacement, may be necessary. Prevention of acute rheumatic fever through prompt antibiotic treatment of streptococcal infections is crucial in preventing the development of rheumatic heart disease.