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Regression testing is a type of software testing that ensures that recent changes to a software application have not adversely affected existing functionality. It is typically performed after updates, bug fixes, or new features have been implemented. The primary goal of regression testing is to detect defects that may have been introduced during these changes.

Regression testing can be conducted manually or automated. Manual regression testing involves executing test cases one by one, while automated regression testing uses scripts to run tests automatically. Automated testing is generally more efficient and can cover a larger number of test cases, but it requires initial setup and maintenance of test scripts.

There are several approaches to regression testing, including:

1. Retest all: This approach involves re-executing all test cases, which ensures comprehensive coverage but can be time-consuming.

2. Regression test selection: This approach involves selecting a subset of test cases that are most likely to be affected by the changes. Techniques such as risk-based testing or code coverage analysis can be used to identify these test cases.

3. Prioritized regression test selection: This approach involves prioritizing test cases based on their importance or the risk they pose. High-priority test cases are executed first, while lower-priority test cases may be deferred.

Regression testing is an essential part of the software development lifecycle, helping to maintain the quality and stability of software applications over time. It is particularly important in agile development environments where frequent updates and changes are common.