realioikeudet

Realioikeudet is a Finnish legal term that translates to "real rights" or "property rights" in English. It refers to the rights that individuals or entities have over tangible assets, primarily immovable property such as land and buildings. These rights are considered "real" because they are directly tied to the property itself and can be asserted against anyone, not just a specific party.

The most fundamental real right is ownership, which grants the holder the broadest possible control over a property. Other significant real rights include mortgages, which secure a debt with a property, and easements, which grant specific rights of use over another's land, such as a right of way. Leases, when registered, can also be considered real rights in certain contexts, providing a tenant with a right to possess and use property for a defined period.

In Finland, real rights are typically established and registered in official land registers, such as the cadastre. This registration provides legal certainty and public notice of the rights associated with a particular property. The concept of real rights is crucial for the functioning of property markets, ensuring that buyers and lenders can understand and rely on the rights associated with a property. The Finnish legal system distinguishes real rights from contractual rights, which are personal obligations between specific parties.