røntgendetektor

A røntgendetektor, also known as an X-ray detector, is a device used to measure and record the intensity of X-rays. These detectors are crucial components in a wide range of applications, from medical imaging to scientific research and industrial inspection. The fundamental principle behind most røntgendetektors is their ability to convert X-ray photons into a measurable signal, typically electrical.

There are several types of røntgendetektors, each with different operating principles and performance characteristics. Gas-filled detectors, such as ionization chambers and proportional counters, work by ionizing a gas when X-rays pass through it, creating an electrical current. Scintillation detectors use materials that emit visible light when struck by X-rays; this light is then detected by a photodetector. Semiconductor detectors, like silicon or cadmium telluride detectors, directly convert X-ray energy into electron-hole pairs, generating an electrical signal.

The choice of røntgendetektor depends on factors such as the energy range of the X-rays, the required sensitivity, spatial resolution, and cost. In medical radiography and CT scanners, detectors are essential for forming images by capturing the differential absorption of X-rays by various tissues. In astronomy, they are used to detect X-ray emissions from celestial objects. Industrial radiography employs these detectors for non-destructive testing of materials and structures.