pääomavaatimuksiaan

Pääomavaatimuksiaan refers to the capital requirements that financial institutions, particularly banks, must meet. These requirements are set by regulatory bodies to ensure that institutions have sufficient financial resources to absorb unexpected losses and remain solvent, thereby protecting depositors and the stability of the financial system.

The most common framework for determining these requirements is Basel III, an international regulatory framework for banks. Basel III introduced several key capital ratios, including the common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio, Tier 1 capital ratio, and total capital ratio. CET1 capital, considered the highest quality of capital, includes common shares and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital includes CET1 plus other instruments like perpetual preferred stock. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital plus other subordinated debt.

These ratios measure a bank's capital relative to its risk-weighted assets (RWAs). RWAs are calculated by assigning different risk weights to various types of assets based on their perceived credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Higher risk assets attract higher risk weights, thus requiring more capital to be held against them.

In addition to minimum capital ratios, Basel III also introduced capital buffers. The capital conservation buffer aims to ensure banks build up capital during good times that can be drawn down during periods of stress. The countercyclical capital buffer can be increased by national authorities during periods of excessive credit growth to build resilience. Failure to meet these capital requirements can lead to restrictions on dividend payments, bonus payouts, and even operational limitations.