pyrocatechol

Pyrocatechol, commonly known as catechol, is an aromatic organic compound with the formula C6H6O2. It is one of the isomeric benzenediols, specifically benzene-1,2-diol, consisting of a benzene ring bearing adjacent hydroxyl groups. In pure form it is a colorless to white crystalline solid that can darken on exposure to air due to oxidation. It has a characteristic phenolic odor.

Chemical properties: Catechol readily undergoes oxidation in air to o-quinone derivatives and forms complexes with metal ions as catecholates. It participates in various electrophilic substitution reactions activated by the ortho-dihydroxyl motif and can be converted to esters, ethers, and quinones.

Production and occurrence: Pyrocatechol is not a major natural product. It is produced industrially as a chemical intermediate for dyes, flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals and polymer additives. Industrial routes typically involve oxidation or hydroxylation of related substrates to install the adjacent hydroxyl groups.

Applications: It serves as a building block in organic synthesis, including the preparation of o-quinone derivatives used in dye chemistry and in the synthesis of various catechol derivatives.

Safety: Catechol is an irritant that can be hazardous if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. It may irritate the eyes and mucous membranes and can be harmful to aquatic life. Proper handling includes protective equipment and appropriate storage and disposal.