pulleynokons

Pulleynokons is a recently classified genus of small bioluminescent shrimp that inhabit hydrothermal vent ecosystems in the East Pacific Rise. The genus was first described in 2019 by marine biologist Dr. Elena K. Mirov after a series of deep‑sea expeditions using remotely operated vehicles. Pulleynokons belongs to the family Pulleynocidae, which is characterized by a highly reduced set of appendages and a specialized luminous organ located on the ventral side of the carapace.

These shrimp are typically 3–5 centimeters in length and can be found at depths ranging from 1,800 to 2,200 meters. They are adapted to the extreme pressure and heat gradients of vent environments, and they rely on symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria for nutrition. The bioluminescent light emitted by Pulleynokons is used primarily for intraspecific communication, predator deterrence, and for attracting small prey species.

Research into Pulleynokons has focused on their unique luminescence mechanisms, which differ from the classic luciferin–luciferase systems found in other marine organisms. Scientists are exploring the potential applications of their light-production pathways in bioengineering and medical imaging. While the shrimp have not been tested for commercial use, their presence provides an important indicator of the health of vent communities. The genus also appears in the folklore of indigenous peoples inhabiting coastal regions, who refer to them as "fire‑watchers" because of their shimmering appearance in the dark ocean depths.