próteinmyndunar

Próteinmyndun refers to the biological process by which cells synthesize proteins. This complex process involves two main stages: transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where a DNA sequence is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA molecule then travels out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

In the cytoplasm, the second stage, translation, takes place. Ribosomes, the cell's protein-making machinery, bind to the mRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, then read the mRNA sequence in three-nucleotide units called codons. For each codon, a corresponding tRNA molecule binds, delivering its amino acid. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between these amino acids, linking them together in a specific order dictated by the mRNA sequence. This chain of amino acids folds into a three-dimensional structure, forming a functional protein. The genetic code, a set of rules by which nucleotide sequences are translated into amino acid sequences, is fundamental to this process. Any errors in transcription or translation can lead to the production of non-functional or even harmful proteins.